HEALTH NEWS

Study Title:

Lack of Sleep and ADHD in Boys

Study Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to investigate the developmental trajectories of nighttime sleep duration and hyperactivity over the preschool years and to identify the risk factors associated with short nighttime sleep duration and high hyperactivity scores.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Nighttime sleep duration and hyperactivity were measured yearly by questionnaires administered to mothers of 2057 children from age 1.5 to 5 years. Developmental trajectories of nighttime sleep duration and hyperactivity throughout early childhood were analyzed to determine interassociations. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine which factors among selected child, maternal, and family characteristics and parental practices surrounding sleep periods in early childhood were associated with short nighttime sleep duration and high hyperactivity scores.

RESULTS: The trajectories of nighttime sleep duration and hyperactivity were significantly associated. The odds ratio (OR) of reporting short nighttime sleep duration was 5.1 for highly hyperactive children (confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–7.9), whereas the OR of reporting high hyperactivity scores was 4.2 for persistently short sleepers (CI: 2.7–6.6). The risk factors for reporting short nighttime sleep duration and high hyperactivity scores were (1) being a boy, (2) having insufficient household income, (3) having a mother with a low education, and (4) being comforted outside the bed after a nocturnal awakening at 1.5 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of short nighttime sleep duration in highly hyperactive children is greater than the risk of high hyperactivity scores in short sleepers. Preventive interventions that target boys living in adverse familial conditions could be used to address these concomitant behavioral problems.

From press release:

Hyperactive boys don't get enough sleep, which can worsen their condition according to new research. Published in the November issue of Pediatrics, the study is the first to examine a large sample of children and to study the link between lack of sleep and hyperactivity.

As part of the investigation, 2057 mothers answered yearly questionnaires concerning sleep duration and hyperactivity of their children. Data was collected until kids reached five years of age and was analyzed by a team of scientists from the Université de Montréal, its affiliated Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, as well as the Université Laval and the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM).

" Hyperactivity problems may interfere with night-time sleep," says senior author Jacques Montplaisir, a professor in the Université de Montréal Department of Psychiatry and director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal. "We found that children who didn't sleep long were generally hyperactive boys who lived under adverse family conditions."

"On the other hand, short or fragmented sleep leads to sleepiness, which could manifest as hyperactivity in boys," explains Dr. Montplaisir, noting children who slept persistently for at least 11 hours had low hyperactivity scores. "However, the risk of abbreviated sleep in highly hyperactive children is stronger than the risk of hyperactivity among kids with short sleep duration."

The research team found that boys (more than girls) whose mothers had low education, insufficient family income and whom were comforted outside the bed or joined the parental bed after an awakening at night when they were young were more at risk of having both short sleep duration and high hyperactivity.

Study respondents were a mostly (92.1 percent) homogenous pool of mothers who were white and French-speaking Quebecers. Questions asked of mothers included: how long does your child sleep during the night (on average), in the past three months, how often would you say your child was restless or hyperactive; couldn't stop fidgeting; impulsive or acted without thinking; had difficulty waiting for his/her turn at games; couldn't settle down to do anything or couldn't wait when promised something?"

Study Information

Evelyne Touchette, Sylvana M. Côté, Dominique Petit, Xuecheng Liu, Michel Boivin, Bruno Falissard, Richard E. Tremblay, and Jacques Y. Montplaisir.
Short Nighttime Sleep-Duration and Hyperactivity Trajectories in Early Childhood.
Pediatrics
2009 November
International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, INSERM U669, France and University of Montreal, Canada.