Inflammation Drives Excess Osteoclast Formation Resulting in Bone Loss

Byron's Comments:

The primary mechanism behind bone loss is gene activated excess inflammation.

Study Title:

The role of NFAT in osteoclast formation.

Study Abstract:

Osteoclasts are cells of monocyte-macrophage origin that degrade bone matrix. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclast formation in the presence of macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and costimulatory signals. RANKL induces activation of the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and c-Fos pathways, which lead to the osteoclast-specific event, that is, autoamplification of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1, the master transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation. Autoamplification of NFATc1 is dependent on the calcium signaling of immunoglobulin-like receptors associated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-harboring adaptors. In addition to the calcineurin-NFATc1 axis, calcium signaling activates the calmodulin-dependent kinase pathway, which also plays a critical role in osteoclast formation. Such advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of osteoclast differentiation are expected to lead to novel therapeutic approaches to bone diseases.

Study Information:

Takayanagi H. The role of NFAT in osteoclast formation. Ann N Y Acad Sci.  2007 November  1116:227-37.
Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

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