Refined Carbohydrates and Inflammation

Byron's Comments:

The fact that the FDA has allowed refined carbohydrates as a staple of the food supply is one more major crime on their list against the citizens of this country.

Study Title:

High–glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-B activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects.

Study Abstract:

Background:High–glycemic index diets have been linked to greater risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Postprandial glycemia within the normal range may promote oxidative stress and inflammatory processes underlying the development of disease.

Objective:We explored acute differences in the activation of the inflammatory marker nuclear factor-B after consumption of 2 carbohydrate meals matched for macronutrient and micronutrient composition but differing in glycemic index.

Design:After an overnight fast, 10 young, lean healthy subjects were fed in random order 3 meals providing 50 g of available carbohydrate as glucose, white bread, or pasta. Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h, and nuclear proteins were extracted from mononuclear cells. Changes in nuclear factor-B–p65 proteins were detected by Western blotting. Acute changes in other markers of oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were also assessed.

Results:The maximum increase in nuclear factor-B activation was similar after the bread meal [mean (±SEM) area under the curve: 69 ± 16% optical densityh] and the glucose challenge (75 ± 9% optical densityh), but was 3 times higher than after the pasta meal (23 ± 5% optical densityh) (P < 0.05). Similarly, changes in nitrotyrosine, but not soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, were higher after glucose and bread than after pasta (P = 0.01 at 2 h).

Conclusions:The findings suggest that high-normal physiologic increases in blood glucose after meals aggravate inflammatory processes in lean, young adults. This mechanism may help to explain relations between carbohydrates, glycemic index, and the risk of chronic disease.

Study Information:

Scott Dickinson, Dale P Hancock, Peter Petocz, Antonio Ceriello and Jennie Brand-Miller. High–glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-B activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008 May Vol. 87, No. 5, 1188-1193.
From the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Exercise, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia