Calories Stimulate Dopamine Directly, a New Angle on Food Addiction and Stress Eating.

Byron's Comments:

Food is aquired partly based on taste - but also based on reward independent of taste. This helps explain a key mechanism behind stress eating and food addiction.

Study Title:

Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling.

Study Abstract:

Food palatability and hedonic value play central roles in nutrient intake. However, postingestive effects can influence food preferences independently of palatability, although the neurobiological bases of such mechanisms remain poorly understood. Of central interest is whether the same brain reward circuitry that is responsive to palatable rewards also encodes metabolic value independently of taste signaling. Here we show that trpm5_/_ mice, which lack the cellular machinery required for sweet taste transduction, can develop a robust preference for sucrose solutions based solely on caloric content. Sucrose intake induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum of these sweet-blind mice, a pattern usually associated with receipt of palatable rewards. Furthermore, single neurons in this same ventral striatal region showed increased sensitivity to caloric intake even in the absence of gustatory inputs. Our findings suggest that calorie-rich nutrients can directly influence brain reward circuits that control food intake independently of palatability or functional taste transduction.

Study Information:

Ivan E. de Araujo, Albino J. Oliveira-Maia, Tatyana D. Sotnikova, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Marc G. Caron, Miguel A.L. Nicolelis, and Sidney A. Simon. Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling. Neuron  2008 March  57, 930–941.
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Full Study:

http://images.cell.com/images/edimages/news/press_releases/deAraujoPDF.pdf


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