Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity

Byron's Comments:

Artificial sweeteners confuse your leptin-related taste system and cause you to eat more food at later meals.

Study Title:

Fueling the Obesity Epidemic? Artificially Sweetened Beverage Use and Long-term Weight Gain.

Study Abstract:

We have examined the relationship between artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption and long-term weight gain in the San Antonio Heart Study. From 1979 to 1988, height, weight, and ASB consumption were measured among 5,158 adult residents of San Antonio, Texas. Seven to eight years later, 3,682 participants (74% of survivors) were re-examined. Outcome measures were incidence of overweight/obesity (OW/OBinc) and obesity (OBinc) (BMI 25 and 30 kg/m2, respectively), and BMI change by follow-up (BMI, kg/m2). A significant positive dose–response relationship emerged between baseline ASB consumption and all outcome measures, adjusted for baseline BMI and demographic/behavioral characteristics. Consuming >21 ASBs/week (vs. none) was associated with almost-doubled risk of OW/OB (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, P = 0.007) among 1,250 baseline normal-weight (NW) individuals, and doubled risk of obesity (OR = 2.03, P = 0.0005) among 2,571 individuals with baseline BMIs <30 kg/m2. Compared with nonusers (+1.01 kg/m2), BMIs were significantly higher for ASB quartiles 2–4: +1.46 (P = 0.003), +1.50 (P = 0.002), and +1.78 kg/m2 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Overall, adjusted BMIs were 47% greater among artificial sweetner (AS) users than nonusers (+1.48 kg/m2 vs. +1.01 kg/m2, respectively, P < 0.0001). In separate analyses—stratified by gender; ethnicity; baseline weight category, dieting, or diabetes status; or exercise-change category—BMIs were consistently greater among AS users. These differences, though not significant among exercise increasers, or those with baseline diabetes or BMI >30 kg/m2 (P = 0.069), were significant in all 13 remaining strata. These findings raise the question whether AS use might be fueling—rather than fighting—our escalating obesity epidemic.

Study Information:

Sharon P. Fowler, Ken Williams, Roy G. Resendez, Kelly J. Hunt, Helen P. Hazuda and Michael P. Stern. Fueling the Obesity Epidemic? Artificially Sweetened Beverage Use and Long-term Weight Gain. Obesity. 2008 August 16: 1894-1900.
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Related Entries: Sweet Taste and Food Obsession